Sains Malaysiana 53(5)(2024): 1043-1054
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5305-06
Evaluation of the
Bacteriophage MAC-1 Potential to Control Pseudomonas
aeruginosa Planktonic Cells and Biofilms
(Penilaian Potensi Bakteriofag MAC-1 untuk Mengawal Sel Plankton Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Biofilem)
MOAZ AQEEL1, SAYED MUHAMMAD ATA ULLAH SHAH BUKHARI2,
HIDAYAT ULLAH5, TAHIR HUSSAIN3, AMAN ULLAH2, MUHSIN JAMAL3,*, MUHAMMAD ASIF NAWAZ4, SAADIA ANDLEEB1, KHURSHAID KHAN5, SIDRA PERVEZ6 & MUHAMMAD
IMRAN7
1Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied
Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad-44000,
Pakistan
2Department of
Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi-46000,
Pakistan
3Department of Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan
University, Mardan -23200, Pakistan
4Department of Biotechnology,
Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir
(Upper), Pakistan
5Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan -23200, Pakistan
6Department of
Biochemistry, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto
Women University, Peshawar-25000, Pakistan
7Department of
Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore -54600, Pakistan
Diserahkan: 20 April 2023/Diterima:
19 Mac 2024
Abstract
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa is a pathogenic bacterium that can be
considered a high risk to human health due to its remarkable capacity to resist
antibiotics, either intrinsically or following the acquisition of resistance
genes. P. aeruginosa has been considered a major threat to human health as all the known
remedies seem ineffective. Bacteriophages as a natural killer of bacteria can
offer alternative therapy for antibiotics. The study aimed to isolate and
characterize a lytic bacteriophage against P.
aeruginosa (clinically resistant strain/superbug)
and to investigate its lytic potential to control bacterial planktonic cells
and their biofilms on stainless steel surfaces. A lytic bacteriophage known as
MAC-1 was isolated from wastewater against the selected P. aeruginosa-2750 strain. Its host range was
moderate and it only infected six isolates. Phage MAC-1 was characterized
through transmission electron microscopy and was classified to the Siphoviridae family. It has good heat and pH stability. Its
latent time was 24 min with a burst size of about 410 virions per cell. The phage MAC-1 efficacy was determined against P. aeruginosa planktonic cells and biofilms on
metallic surfaces. Isolated phage MAC-1 demonstrated promising activity against
bacterial planktonic cells as well as in reducing bacterial biofilm biomass
formed in 96-well and on stainless steel plates. However, a phage cocktail may
be used to avoid resistance and ensure complete eradication of bacterial
biofilms.
Keywords: Bacteriophage; biofilm;
cocktail; planktonic cells; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Abstrak
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ialah bakteria patogen yang boleh dianggap berisiko tinggi kepada kesihatan manusia kerana keupayaannya yang luar biasa untuk menentang antibiotik, sama ada secara intrinsik atau berikutan pemerolehan gen rintangan. P.
aeruginosa telah dianggap sebagai ancaman utama kepada kesihatan manusia kerana tidak menunjukkan kesan daripada semua ubat sedia ada. Bakteriofaj sebagai pembunuh bakteria semula jadi boleh menawarkan terapi alternatif untuk antibiotik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengasingkan dan mencirikan bakteria lisis terhadap P. aeruginosa (superbug rintang klinikal) serta mengkaji potensi lisisnya untuk mengawal sel planktonik bakteria dan biofilemnya pada permukaan keluli tahan karat. Bakteria lisis yang dikenali sebagai MAC-1 telah dipencilkan daripada air sisa terhadap strain P. aeruginosa-2750 terpilih. Julat perumahnya adalah sederhana dan hanya menjangkiti enam pencilan. Faj MAC-1 telah dicirikan melalui mikroskop elektron transmisi dan dikelaskan kepada famili Siphoviridae. Ia mempunyai kestabilan haba
dan pH yang baik. Masa pendamnya ialah 24 minit dengan saiz letusan kira-kira
410 virion per sel. Keberkesanan faj MAC-1 ditentukan terhadap sel planktonik P.
aeruginosa dan biofilem pada permukaan logam. Faj terpencil MAC-1
menunjukkan aktiviti yang memberangsangkan terhadap sel planktonik bakteria dan
juga dalam mengurangkan biojisim biofilem bakteria yang terbentuk dalam plat
96-telaga dan pada plat keluli tahan karat. Walau bagaimanapun, koktel faj
boleh digunakan untuk mengelakkan kerintangan dan memastikan pembasmian lengkap
biofilem bakteria.
Kata kunci: Bakteriofaj; biofilem; koktel; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; sel planktonik
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: muhsinjamal@awkum.edu.pk
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